Fundamentals of Computer

Computer Classes in Ranchi

Contact no:+91 7209831889

Fundamentals of Computer

 Fundamentals of Computer, computer is an advanced electronic device that performs both arithmetic and logical operations.

Computers are used in many fields.

Parts of a Computer





CPU –

  • CPU, which is the brain of the computer, performs all functions.
  • CPU is the central processing unit.
  • It executes the instruction from the user.


Mouse –

  • Mouse is used to pick items on the screen.
  • When the mouse moves, the mouse pointer also moves.


Keyboard –

  • Keyboard has the keys that are used to type letters and numbers.
  • This helps to feed the information to CPU.


 Monitor –

  • Monitor displays the words or pictures processed by the computer.
  • It acts as the display screen.


Speakers –

  • Speakers let you hear the sound from the computer.
  • Each notification will have different tone.



Uses of Computers 

  • A computer helps you to type a document.
  • A computer helps you to listen to music.
  • A computer helps you to use the internet.
  • A computer helps you to send e-mail.
  • A computer helps you to play games.
  • A computer helps you to draw a picture.
  • A computer helps you to watch a movie.
  • A computer helps you to chat with a friend.

 Storage Devices :-

  • A storage device is used in the computers to store data.
  • It is one of the core functions of the modern computers.

 Types of Storage –

There are four type of storage:

  • Primary Storage
  • Secondary Storage
  • Tertiary Storage
  • Off-line Storage

 Primary Storage: –

  • They are also known as the main memory.
  • These are connected to the CPU via a memory bus.
  • Main role of CPU is to read the instructions stored there and executes them as required.
                 Example: RAM, ROM, Cache
  • RAM – Any of the data in Random Access Memory can be accessed just as fast as any of the other data.
  • ROM – Read only memory, which helps the computer to boot up.
  • Cache – Cache is a high-speed access area that can be either a reserved section of main memory or a storage device.

Secondary Storage: –

  • CPU cannot access secondary storage directly.
  • Secondary storage uses computer’s input/output channels to access it.
  • Later they transfer the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
                 Example: Hard disk
  • Hard Disk – Hard disk helps to store more data and it can be inbuilt in a computer (internal) or can be added separately to a computer (external).

Tertiary Storage :–

  • These storages are usually very slow.
  • So it is usually used to store data that is not accessed frequently.
             Examples: Magnetic Tape, Optical Disc

Magnetic Tape: –

  • Data are encoded on a magnetically coated strip of plastic.
  • These tapes are similar to tapes used to store music.
  • Tape is much less expensive than other storage mediums.
  • It can hold very little information.

Optical disc: –

  • They store contents in digital format and is read using a laser assembly.
  • The most common types of optical media are – Blu-ray, Compact Disc (CD) & Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

Off-line Storage: –

  • Also known as disconnected storage.
  • This storage device is not under the control of a processing unit.
  • It must be inserted or connected by a human operator before a computer can access it again.
  • Examples: Floppy Disk & Memory card

Floppy Disk :–

A portable, soft magnetic disk which are slow to access and has less storage capacity.

Memory Card: –

They are connected to computers which can store all type of media.

Recap

Parts of a Computer

  • CPU
  • Mouse
  • Keyboard
  • Monitor
  • Speakers

 Uses of Computers

A computer helps you to type a document, listen to music, use the internet, send e-mail, play games, to draw a picture, watch a movie, and chat with a friend.

Storage devices

  • A storage device is used in the computers to store data.
  • It is one of the core functions of the modern computers.

Types of Storage –

There are four types of storage:

  • Primary Storage
  • Secondary Storage
  • Tertiary Storage
  • Off-line Storage

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